Papierstau Brother Mfc-7420

Definition

is a disease caused by the alteration of cartilage, one of the tissues that form the joints, resulting in the appearance of pain and, occasionally, loss of normal movement. Osteoarthritis is the most common rheumatic disease, affecting to a greater or lesser degree to all people aged 50 years, but only a percentage of the population reached sufficient severity to cause symptoms important. Over time, progressively affecting other structures of the musculoskeletal system (disks intervertebral ligaments, tendons, muscles ...).

can affect any joint but most commonly develops in the spine (cervicoartrosis and lumbartrosis) in joints of the hand (mainly the thumb or rizarthrosis) and weight-bearing joints like the hip (coxarthrosis) and knee ( gonarthrosis).

alterations that occur in osteoarthritis in different tissues are being progressively put into place in several phases:

First, the most superficial layer of cartilage is swollen and softened, lost its elastic capacity, later eroded, may eventually disappear, resulting in direct contact between the bones. As a result, the bone reacts to form new bone on the edges of the degenerate (osteophytes). Finally, comes a thickening and swelling of the synovium, synovial fluid produce less viscous and therefore less lubrication of the joint.
In the early stages of the disease the patient may be asymptomatic, as the cartilage is not source of pain and can be potentially reversible process. In contrast, when the cartilage disappears, the disease becomes severe and irreversible.


causes are multiple and can be several of them simultaneously in the same person, raising the possibility of developing the disease.

His most often in older people is justified by the natural aging of the articular structures and reduced capacity for tissue regeneration. However, there is a hereditary predisposition that influences its appearance.

should also be taken as risk factors: obesity (overloading the joints), or malformations of the lower limb differences, joint injuries (fractures, sprains, dislocations ...), the work activities subject to the joint an overuse, excessive sports practice, etc..


Symptoms depend on the joint that is affected, however, in all cases have common features.

symptoms evolve slowly and gradually. Initially, pain occurs only with movement and subsides with rest. Over time, as the disease becomes more severe is manifested in a more continuous, coming to be present even at rest and partially relieved by movement and moderate exercise. Pain causes muscle contractures and disuse atrophy, which in turn are aggravating factors of the disease.

Other common symptoms include morning stiffness, restricted motion, creaking joints, inflammation, joint deformity, etc.


Physiotherapy physiotherapy treatment should be tailored according to what the affected joint, the severity of the process, pain intensity, degree of inflammatory component, the type of daily activities and age.

General objectives should include: pain relief, inflammation reduction, recovery or improvement of range of joint mobility, relaxation of the contractures, increased elasticity of the periarticular structures and strengthening the muscles atrophic.

To achieve these objectives using various technical means (microwave, shortwave, ultrasound, low flows and medium frequency, magnetic ...) and many manual therapy techniques (stretching, passive mobilization, massage, lymphatic drainage, myofascial release, muscle strengthening maneuvers ...).

Physical therapy also plays an important role in the field of prevention of osteoarthritis, by proper treatment of other processes that may predispose to her, spinal deformities (kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis ...), trauma (fractures, dislocations , ...), sprains misalignment of the joints of the lower limbs (genu varus or valgus, flat feet ...), limb differences in the length of them, sharing burdens asymmetrically on diseases neurological (hemiplegia, Parkinson's, polio etc ...),., and by teaching the correct use of the spine (lifting, sitting posture, to pick things up ...).

Boat Motor Comparison

Measuring Milena Velba

Principles of Geriatric Rehabilitation

The elderly often suffer from diseases more easily and frequently than the young person and their recoveries are slow and incomplete
revitalizing geriatric physical therapy is the application of specific physiotherapy techniques on healthy older adults, in which the involution process age can lead to pathological processes that can lead to declining functional abilities.
The most common cause of loss of functional capabilities in the older person is inactivity or immobility. There are many causes for restraint in an older person within them have acute immobilization immobilization is considered accidental burns secondary to a disease, hip fracture, stroke, peripheral to name a few. patient activity is severely reduced until the acute illness is stabilized. . Architectural barriers can cause accidental freezing this includes bed rails, high / low beds, stairs, corridors with poor lighting, inadequate chairs, fear of falls, social isolation and environmental movement pain, paresthesia, lack of support for mobility and / or transfers. And of course the attitude of "I'm too sick to get out" negatively affect mobility.
chronic immobilization is the result of long-standing medical problems, poorly managed or untreated as it can be a stroke, arthritis, amputation, Parkinson's disease, back pain

deconditioning process is defined as multiple changes produced in the physiology of organs and systems, induced by inactivity and therefore reversible physical activity. The degree of deconditioning depends on the degree of inactivity and physical level prior to this. The term hypokinetic is one that describes the physiology of inactivity.

Studies show older people are more physically active are less able to respond in some cases better than younger subjects in certain physical activities, that is why the exercise is considered a form of primary rehabilitation in the case of elderly.

There are challenges in understanding the interaction between inactivity and health in the elderly. The first is that aging has on the individual consequences similar to the inactivity, the second is to separate the effects of the inactivity of the effects of the disease, of course it is obvious that some effects of aging can be directly related inactivity. The other challenge is to understand the difference between the physiological decline and loss of function is the inability of a 85 year old woman climbing stairs due to muscle weakness, joint pain, heart problems, poor balance, sensory impairments or a sedentary lifestyle?
understand the consequences of inaction is of great importance when assessing the need for rehabilitation of an older person.
Shepard * found that moderate physical activity results in the person feel better, which leads to better intellectual and psychomotor development, indirectly increasing self-esteem, body image and lower levels of anxiety, stress and depression .


is vital to the contribution that physical therapy can have in combating or slowing, the involutive processes of aging and / or inactivity that result in alterations of the organs, organ systems and although asymptomatic at the beginning in a given currently progressing to achieve physical disability of the subject.
Geriatric Rehabilitation is the effective mechanism to compensate within the limits of the consequences of inaction, that geriatric rehabilitation and not just exercise?, Simple due to the characteristics and needs of the adult population exercise programs should be prepared and guided by professionals in the field of physical therapy and functional rehabilitation after conducting an assessment in order to determine the capabilities of each individual and to implement a plan of physical therapy appropriate to individual needs.
As therapists our goal should be to provide the elderly a preventive and corrective maintenance or where our basic goal is the functional independence of the people we treat, with the resulting gain a better quality of life
general principles rehabilitation in the elderly, regardless of the process in question should apply as a general and then apply specific techniques for the process.
1. Maintain maximum joint mobility
2. maintain or restore independence in ADL.
3. Maintain or increase muscle strength
4. achieve good gait pattern and balance.
5. value position.
6. history of falls
7. build trust and cooperation of the patient from the start.


maintained mobility, assisted or encouraged prevents further joint damage and muscle problems especially contractures, loss of strength and its consequences (gait disturbance, falls, immobilization syndrome).
general lack of exercise is usually a constant problem in the geriatric world, this may be due to amenities of modern life, the lack of information, arbitrary barriers of age for many activities, the effect of chronic diseases, so regulated and adequate exercise is a therapeutic need for the elderly, the exercises are aimed not contraindicated in any , with benefits even in patients with coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Importantly, it should avoid aggressive or protective actions on the part of the family and team.

prevention in general is one of the foundations of working with elderly.